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Figure 4: Fiber tract clustering in the corpus callosum. Using a fractional anisotropy map (A), we drew a region of interest on the corpus callosum (B).Because fiber paths have similar shapes (C), clustering produces an inadequate result (D). If the user isolates a region of the corpus callosum containing fiber paths of different shapes, clustering is successful (E).
Figure 4: Fiber tract clustering in the corpus callosum. Using a fractional anisotropy map (A), we drew a region of interest on the corpus callosum (B).Because fiber paths have similar shapes (C), clustering produces an inadequate result (D). If the user isolates a region of the corpus callosum containing fiber paths of different shapes, clustering is successful (E).
Figure 2: Preoperative (left) and intraoperative (right) transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images (5000/99, 22-cm field of view, 256X256 matrix, two signals acquired, 3.0-mm section thickness, 1-mm intersection gap) show complete tumor resection of a left frontal LGA located in the anterior portion of the superior frontal gyrus.
Figure 2: Preoperative (left) and intraoperative (right) transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images (5000/99, 22-cm field of view, 256X256 matrix, two signals acquired, 3.0-mm section thickness, 1-mm intersection gap) show complete tumor resection of a left frontal LGA located in the anterior portion of the superior frontal gyrus.
Figure 7-6: Three-dimensional DTI visualization of patient 2, with consistent coloring on both sides to facilitate left/right hemisphere comparison.
Figure 7-6: Three-dimensional DTI visualization of patient 2, with consistent coloring on both sides to facilitate left/right hemisphere comparison.
Figure 8: Perfusion study performed using the bolus-tracking approach, source image (left), blood volume map (right).
Figure 8: Perfusion study performed using the bolus-tracking approach, source image (left), blood volume map (right).
Figure 1: A. Three-dimensional model of levator ani subdivisions including the pubic bone and pelvic viscera. B. The same model without the pubic bone.
Figure 1: A. Three-dimensional model of levator ani subdivisions including the pubic bone and pelvic viscera. B. The same model without the pubic bone.
Figure 1: This figure illustrates significant differences in cannabis users relative to non-users in both ADC and FA This figure illustrates significant differences in cannabis users relative to non-users in both ADC and FA. Coronal, sagittal and axial views (moving from left to right, respectively) illustrate that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for adolescent cannabis users (N = 10) was significantly (p < 0.01, cluster size >200 mm<sup>3</sup>) lower relative to non-cannabis users (N = 10) in left middle frontal gyrus (a): Talairach coordinates -41 [L],3 [A],36 [S], and posterior to the right posterior cingulate (b): 2 [R],-54 [P],4 [S] (shown in orange superimposed on the average registered MPRAGE images from all 20 subjects), and that the fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly higher (shown in blue) in cannabis users in the left anterior cingulate (c): -16 [L],32 [A],11 [S], right medial frontal gyrus (d): 3 [R],46 [A],18 [S], left precentral gyrus (e): -32 [L],1 [A],33 [S], right inferior parietal (f): 50 [R],-38 [P],39 [S], right cingulate gyrus (g): 10 [R],-3 [P],35 [S], and left superior frontal gyrus (h): -20 [L],21 [A],45 [S].
Figure 1: This figure illustrates significant differences in cannabis users relative to non-users in both ADC and FA This figure illustrates significant differences in cannabis users relative to non-users in both ADC and FA. Coronal, sagittal and axial views (moving from left to right, respectively) illustrate that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for adolescent cannabis users (N = 10) was significantly (p < 0.01, cluster size >200 mm3) lower relative to non-cannabis users (N = 10) in left middle frontal gyrus (a): Talairach coordinates -41 [L],3 [A],36 [S], and posterior to the right posterior cingulate (b): 2 [R],-54 [P],4 [S] (shown in orange superimposed on the average registered MPRAGE images from all 20 subjects), and that the fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly higher (shown in blue) in cannabis users in the left anterior cingulate (c): -16 [L],32 [A],11 [S], right medial frontal gyrus (d): 3 [R],46 [A],18 [S], left precentral gyrus (e): -32 [L],1 [A],33 [S], right inferior parietal (f): 50 [R],-38 [P],39 [S], right cingulate gyrus (g): 10 [R],-3 [P],35 [S], and left superior frontal gyrus (h): -20 [L],21 [A],45 [S].
Figure 1: Axial slice of 3D SPGR scan of the brain of one of the subjects (top left), the segmented cortical gray matter, in blue, of the same axial slice (top right), the solution of the Laplace equation inside the cortical gray matter bottom, left) with bright color showing high potential on the CSF-GM boundary decreasing to dark color when moving to the GM-WM boundary, and finally the cortical thickness values, in mm., as defined by M1.
Figure 1: Axial slice of 3D SPGR scan of the brain of one of the subjects (top left), the segmented cortical gray matter, in blue, of the same axial slice (top right), the solution of the Laplace equation inside the cortical gray matter bottom, left) with bright color showing high potential on the CSF-GM boundary decreasing to dark color when moving to the GM-WM boundary, and finally the cortical thickness values, in mm., as defined by M1.
Figure 1: The middle shows an expert-labeled manual segmentation for subject 3. Colors represent cerebrospinal fluid (blue), myelin (orange), cortical grey matter (grey), basal ganglia (white), and unmyelinated white matter (red). On the left is the result from a technique shown for comparison purposes and on the right is the labeling produced by the technique described here.
Figure 1: The middle shows an expert-labeled manual segmentation for subject 3. Colors represent cerebrospinal fluid (blue), myelin (orange), cortical grey matter (grey), basal ganglia (white), and unmyelinated white matter (red). On the left is the result from a technique shown for comparison purposes and on the right is the labeling produced by the technique described here.
Figure 3: Ultrasound data of after preprocessing. The ultrasound data are shown from patient 1. Shown is a standard visualization of one time step during the heart cycle with 3D Slicer 2 software. The three planes for each spatial direction are shown in the lower three frames. In the frame above one plane is shown together with the set of four fiducials. These four points are defined for all time steps.
Figure 3: Ultrasound data of after preprocessing. The ultrasound data are shown from patient 1. Shown is a standard visualization of one time step during the heart cycle with 3D Slicer 2 software. The three planes for each spatial direction are shown in the lower three frames. In the frame above one plane is shown together with the set of four fiducials. These four points are defined for all time steps.
Figure 6: Offline view from the 3D Slicer application of the data for patient 4, with only the local maximum of the fMRI activation (blue) displayed from the active left-hand motor task. Because the local maximum was several millimeters below the cortical surface, the model of the cortical surface was rendered to be transparent, revealing the lesion (pink mass). The positive ECS sites are depicted in red, negative ECS sites in green and electrodes in yellow.
Figure 6: Offline view from the 3D Slicer application of the data for patient 4, with only the local maximum of the fMRI activation (blue) displayed from the active left-hand motor task. Because the local maximum was several millimeters below the cortical surface, the model of the cortical surface was rendered to be transparent, revealing the lesion (pink mass). The positive ECS sites are depicted in red, negative ECS sites in green and electrodes in yellow.
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